X-RAY & C T SCAN ARTIFACTS IN THE IMAGE

LET’S START THE POST-   X-RAY & C T SCAN ARTIFACTS IN THE IMAGE OF  THE FILM 

INTRODUCTION  

An artifact is any error in the image (film)  that is not related to the subject being studied

• Ring artifact
• Malfunction of tube arching
• Electrical malfunction
• Detector malfunction

An artifact is any error in the image (film ) that is related to the subject being studied.

• Motion artifact
• Metal artifact
• Noise artifact 
• Beam hardening artifact
• Partial volume artifact

X-RAY image artifacts

Fog –That is generally darkening of the film image.

•  Exposure of the light
• Exposure to X-ray
• Chemical fog –overdeveloped, oxidized
• Age fog –outdated film, store high temperature, excessive humidity

Stain –various type of discoloration

• Brown –oxidized developer
• Grayish –yellow or brown –   excessive fixing
• Grayish -white –  incomplete washing

 Mark defects –There are several different types of marks that appear in the image of the film, ie not handled properly.

• Crinkle mark
• Watermark
• Static marks -are lightening or tree-like black mark on the film  image 
• Cassette mark-when the film process, not gently handled by staff that region cassette marks appear in the film image.

Motion artifact –A movement of patient (uncooperative patient )

• Patient motion artifact – irritable patient, injured patient  
• Noise artifact- Generally occur in children who are not cooperate
• Breathing artifact.

(Not properly cooperate that region this types of artifact appear in the image on x-ray film )

C T SCAN image artifacts

• Ring artifact- ring artifact appear in 3rd generation or rotate – rotate C T system.
• Electrical malfunction artifact.
• Malfunction of tube artifact.
• Detector malfunction artifact.
• Patient motion artifact-this types of artifact appear, when patient irritable condition, uncooperative.
• Metal artifact –like earring, surgical clip, prosthetic devices dental filling, ECG electrode, anythings implant metal entire area being studied.
• Beam hardening artifact -increase the mean energy of the X-ray, when it passes through the object. this kind of artifact can be reduced with filters.
• Partial volume artifact –Some computer algorithms can reduce partial volume artifact.

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